PAT-186 · comp 101

Comp 101 — pay ranges in five minutes

Every pay structure your company could build comes down to four decisions. Here they are in plain English — taught with the shapes themselves, because the shape is what makes it click. The numbers live underneath; the shape is for seeing it.

1

A pay range is a band

For any role, a is the lowest-to-highest pay you'll offer: a minimum, a (the target for a fully-competent performer), and a maximum.

P25P50P75L1$90K$126K$108K · P50$88K$99K$110K$121K$132K
One level: min · midpoint · max
2

Decision 1 — the market anchor (lead, match, or lag)

Where do you aim the midpoint against the ? That's your . It's the single biggest positioning choice — and the real lever on retention: anchor higher and fewer outside offers beat your pay, so fewer people leave.

P25P50P75L1
Lag · anchor P25
P25P50P75L1
Match · anchor P50
P25P50P75L1
Lead · anchor P75
3

Decision 2 — the range spread (how wide)

How wide is the band? The is how much more the top of the range pays than the bottom. Wider gives room to differentiate pay within a level; tighter keeps a level more uniform.

P25P50P75L1
Tight · 20% spread
P25P50P75L1
Typical · 40% spread
P25P50P75L1
Wide · 60% spread
4

Decision 3 — the number of levels

One role's pay span can be a single wide band or sliced into several stacked levels. More levels means more steps to progress through — which is its own retention lever: people can see a path up.

L3L2L1
3 levels
L5L4L3L2L1
5 levels
5

Decision 4 — overlap (and why it isn't really free)

How much do adjacent levels share? That's . Here's the part most people miss: overlap isn't an independent dial. Once you've set the spread and how far apart the levels sit, the overlap is fixed — overlap = 1 − step ÷ spread. Pick any two; the third follows.

L3L2L1
No overlap — levels stacked (step = spread)
L3L2L1
50% overlap — a strong performer can out-earn the next level's new hire
6

Put it together

Anchor, spread, levels, overlap — that's the whole grammar. Every structure is a point in those four choices, and the same shapes let you see what you've chosen. Try it: start from your priorities, design one by hand, or compare your current structure to the options.